Reproduction System - Females/Males

The reproduction system in males and females is responsible for the production of hormones as well as the process of reproduction.

Males

One of the most important organs of the make reproductive system are the testicles. They are enclosed in a sack known as the scrotum. The scrotum helps keep the testicles at a temperature lower then body temperature. This is important because the sperms are produced in the seminiferous tubules located in the testicles.

The epididymis is a system of convoluted tubes that connects the testicles to the vas deferens. The epididymis is responsible for emptying the sperm into the vas deferens. The vas deferens is connected to the seminal vesicle and the prostate gland. The seminal vesicle and the prostate gland release secretions that mixes with the sperm to create semen. The ejaculatory duet carries the sperm into the urethra located in the penis.

The penis contains erectile tissue and becomes erect while being aroused.

The cowper's gland located at the base of the penis prepares the urethra for ejaculation of semen.

Female

The female reproductive system is the counterpart of the male reproductive system. The outer genitals consists of the labia major and the labia minora. The clitoris, like the penis, contains recital tissue. Just like how males have two testicles, females have two ovaries. The ovaries produce hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

The follicles in the ovaries produce eggs. Every month one egg enters the uterine tube and travels to the uterus. Every month, the lining of the uterus is nourished with blood or other liquids for preparations of receiving a fertilized egg. If the egg is not fertilized, it is discharged from the uterus along with the lining. This monthly "discharge" is known as menstruation.

The uterus is connected to the vagina and the cervix. During sex, the semen from the male penis enters the vagina. The sperm cells then travel to the tube in order to fertilize the egg. However, it is possible for only one sperm cell to penetrate the egg and fertilize the egg.

The genetic material from the sperm and egg combine to form the first cell of the zygote. The egg then travels to the uterus then it attaches itself to the endometrium. The fertilized egg then turns into a baby over time, usually around 40 weeks.

Child Birth

During child birth, the baby is pushed through the cervix then through to the vagina. The vagina becomes the birth canal for the baby.

The Nervous System

Your brain controls just about everything you do including all the activities that are going on inside your body. All such actions have to be properly timed and coordinated, which is done by the nervous system and the hormonal system. The nervous system is an organ system containing a network of specialized cells called neurones that coordinate the actions of an animal/mammal and transmit signals between different parts of the body. The nervous system is divided into two main systems, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and spiral cord, which is located in and protected by the skull and the vertebral column.  The main job is to get the information from the body and send out instructions. The peripheral nervous system is make up of all the nerves which transmits the messages from the brain to the rest of the body. The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to sensory organs. Examples of sensory organs are the human eye, ears, muscles, blood vessels and glands.

Neurones are the basic building blocks of the nervous system. These cells are the information-processing units of the brain responsible for receiving and transmitting information. Each part of the neurone plays a role in the communication of information throughout the body.


A Neurone has three parts; the cell body, the axon and the dendrites The cell body contains a well defined nucleus surrounded by a granular cytoplasm. The cell body is also known as a perikaryon.

Dendrites are branched cytoplasmic projections of the cell body. They are for receiving impulses from the axon of another neurone.

The axon is a long process of neurone cell body. The axon is specialized to carry message and has the ability to contact 1000 other neurones but only if it has enough branches. Axons are covered by a protective layer of a white, insulating sheath called myelin sheath. The myelin sheath shows gaps throughout the length, which are called nodes of ranvier. The end of the axons have swollen bulbs called axon terminals that store certain chemicals called neurotransmitters.

There are three different types of neurones.

 Sensory neurones: carry impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system.

Motor neurones: carry impulses from the central nervous system to muscles or glands of our body.

Interneurones: connect various neurones within the brain and spinal cord. It carries information between the motor and sensory neurones.

The brain is the main component of the nervous system. The brain contains around a thousand billion neurones. The brain is protected by three membranes coverings called:

 Meninges; continue through to the spinal cord.

Dura Mater; which is the fabarus membrane (outer layer).

Arachnoid; thin, delicate, gives web like cushion (middle layer).

Pia Mater; highly vascular, richly supplied with blood (inner layer).

The space between these membranes is filed with the cerebrospinal fluid. It acts like a cushion to protect the brain from shocks. The fluid also fills the spaces inside the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.

Protein Synthesis

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgR85NbkwXk

Here is a link to a youtube video I created describing the process of protein synthesis!

Urinary System - Urine Therapy - Interesting Facts Post

Urine therapy, also known as urotherapy, is when people apply urine on the skin and drink urine for medical benefits. This may be the weirdest, grossest and interesting fact I have ever read.  According to researchers, urine has a wide-scale of industrial and agriculture use. Ancient Rome used urine to whiten there teeth. According to some reports, the bible also recommended urine therapy! "Drink waters from thy own cistern, flowing water from thy own well." This does not seem legit, but who said conspiracy theories aren't interesting? Hinduism also believed that urine therapy would be the cure to some diseases and cancers by mixing water with urine and drinking it on a daily basis. Islam disliked the urine therapy remedy, but they also said, "only and one may drink urine but strictly only if no other drinkable liquid is available." The Prime Minister of India highly recommends urine therapy for those who cannot afford medical treatment. Urine therapy is considered a natural remedy which attracts many people to the idea. Many people believe in urine therapy because the body produces a source of natural nourishment, this is where people believe urine therapy helps the healing process of any of their injuries. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBRBbRNUxqE

Here is a video where the TV show, "The Doctors," talk about urine therapy and elaborate on how urine therapy is used and if it does or does not work!